Category Archives: Treatment

Unknown's avatar lassesen 12:00 am on April 13, 2014  

Arthritis and the microbiome

My earlier post on psoriasis also appears to apply to  psoriasis arthritis.  This opens up the question of other forms of arthritis and the microbiome. A few example articles

There is not enough to develop a good model — the KISS model would be:

  • Bad periodontal bacteria successfully populate the gut resulting in arthritis

Suggested Course of Treatment from that model:

  • Oral Probiotics (consider taking a different one of each after each meal (after brushing teeth)
    • Now Foods OralBiotic on Amazon (60 capsule for $14) – Streptococcus salivarius BLIS K12
    • Oragenics Evora Plus Probiotic on Amazon (30 mints for $16) – Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus uberis, and Streptococcus rattus
    • [Very Suspect]Swanson Oral Probiotic: Blis K12® S. salivarius, L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, L. reuteri, L. paracasei, L. salivarius
      • This one was a delight to find because it contains L.Reuteri which is hard to find in a probiotic.
      • On the negative side, it seems that some Lactobacillus are good and some are bad for this condition and since stains are rarely given on anything containing Lactobacillus, it may be best to assume all are suspect of making it worst.
  • Mouth Rinse using EDTA or NAC dissolved in water (breaks down biofilm)
    • Consider doing nasal cleaning with traditional saline solution PLUS EDTA or NAC dissolved in the solution.
  • Reduce use of general Lactobacillus bacteria (yogurt etc)
  • No herbs could be found on PubMed effective against Porphyromonas or Porphyromonas gingivalis or Prevotella
    • Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) appears effective [2013], it also inhibits biofilms [2012]
    • Omega 3 and Omega 6 [2013] – eat fish a lot, or open capsules and rinse around in your mouth, then swallow (remember the goal is to address the reserve of this bacteria — i.e. the mouth)
      • Take an EDTA capsule immediately after the meal
    • For Antibiotics choices, see [1998] and the Genome Project. As of [2014] the science is “Different aerobic and anaerobic bacterial species were either resistant against a number of antibiotics or showed high minimal inhibitory concentrations against clinically relevant antibiotics.” This same article suggest that biofilms are a major player for resistance.
  • Probiotic supplements (NOT Lactobacillus) in the hope that they will out compete the bad bacteria.

 

Unknown's avatar lassesen 12:00 am on April 12, 2014  

Crohn’s Disease – Bibliography : Part 6

Bibliography

1 Sasaki M, Sitaraman SV, Babbin BA, Gerner-Smidt P, Ribot EM, Garrett N, Alpern JA, Akyildiz A, Theiss AL, Nusrat A, Klapproth JM. Invasive Escherichia coli are a feature of Crohn’s disease. Lab Invest. 2007 Oct; 87(10):1042-54.

2 Linskens RK, Huijsdens XW, Savelkoul PH, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Meuwissen SG. The bacterial flora in inflammatory bowel disease: current insights in pathogenesis and the influence of antibiotics and probiotics. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 2001;(234):29-40.

3 Bukharin OV, Petrunova NB. Microbial “friend-foe” identification in human intestine microsymbiocenosis. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2011 Nov-Dec;(6):46-51.

4 Böhm S, Kruis W. Probiotics in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. MMW Fortschr Med. 2006 Aug 31;148(35-36):30-4.

5 Boudeau J, Glasser AL, Julien S, Colombel JF, Darfeuille-Michaud A. Inhibitory effect of probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 on adhesion to and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells by adherent-invasive E. coli strains isolated from patients with Crohn’s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Jul 1;18(1):45-56.

6 Huebner C, Ding Y, Petermann I, Knapp C, Ferguson LR. The probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 reduces pathogen invasion and modulates cytokine expression in Caco-2 cells infected with Crohn’s disease-associated E. coli LF82. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Apr;77(7):2541-4. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01601-10. Epub 2011 Feb 11.

7 Subramanian S, Roberts CL, Hart CA, Martin HM, Edwards SW, Rhodes JM, Campbell BJ. Replication of Colonic Crohn’s Disease Mucosal Escherichia coli Isolates within Macrophages and Their Susceptibility to Antibiotics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Feb;52(2):427-34. Epub 2007 Dec 10.

8 Wirostko E, Johnson L, Wirostko B. Crohn’s disease. Rifampin treatment of the ocular and gut disease. Hepatogastroenterology. 1987 Apr;34(2):90-3.

9 Prantera C, Lochs H, Grimaldi M, Danese S, Scribano ML, Gionchetti P. Rifaximin-extended intestinal release induces remission in patients with moderately active Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology. 2012 Mar;142(3):473-481.

10 Reported at http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/12/fecal-transplants-work/

11 Cyong J, Matsumoto T, Arakawa K, Kiyohara H, Yamada H, Otsuka Y. Anti-Bacteroides fragilis substance from rhubarb. J Ethnopharmacol. 1987 May;19(3):279-83.

12 Phillips I, King A, Nord CE, Hoffstedt B. Antibiotic sensitivity of the Bacteroides fragilis group in Europe. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1992 Apr;11(4):292-304.

13 Fox AR, Phillips I. The antibiotic sensitivity of the Bacteroides fragilis group in the United Kingdom. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1987 Oct;20(4):477-88.

14 Bremmelgaard A, Jansen JE, Justesen T, Gottschau A. Antibiotic sensitivity of the Bacteroides fragilis group in Denmark. APMIS. 1993 Sep;101(9):727-31.

15 Merad AS, Ghemati M, Faid N, Kimouche N. Antibiotic sensitivity of Bacteroides fragilis group in Algeria.Arch Inst Pasteur Alger. 1998;62:91-110.

16 Chervinets VM, Chervinets IuV, Bondarenko VM, Stol’nikova II, Samoukina AM, Mikhailova ES, Albulov AI. Clinical effect of chitosan in bacterial vaginosis therapy. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2011 Sep-Oct;(5):76-9.

17 Eija Könönen, Anne Bryk, Päivi Niemi, Arja Kanervo-Nordström. Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and the Newly Described Peptostreptococcus stomatis Isolated from Various Human Sources. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 June; 51(6): 2205–2207.

18 Bartfay WJ, Bartfay E, Johnson JG. Gram-negative and gram-positive antibacterial properties of the whole plant extract of willow herb (Epilobium angustifolium). Biol Res Nurs. 2012 Jan;14(1):85-9. doi: 10.1177/1099800410393947.

19 Anjana Sharma, S. Chandraker, V. K. Patel, and Padmini Ramteke. Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plants Against Pathogens causing Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2009 Mar-Apr; 71(2): 136–139.

20 Voravuthikunchai SP, Limsuwan S. Medicinal plant extracts as anti-Escherichia coli O157:H7 agents and their effects on bacterial cell aggregation. J Food Prot. 2006 Oct;69(10):2336-41.

21 Watt K, Christofi N, Young R. The detection of antibacterial actions of whole herb tinctures using luminescent Escherichia coli. Phytother Res. 2007 Dec;21(12):1193-9.

22 Peng MM, Fang Y, Hu W, Huang Q. The pharmacological activities of Compound Salvia Plebeia Granules on treating urinary tract infection. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 May 4;129(1):59-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.02.029.

23 Kong B, Wang J, Xiong YL. Antimicrobial activity of several herb and spice extracts in culture medium and in vacuum-packaged pork. J Food Prot. 2007 Mar;70(3):641-7.

24 Anjana Sharma, S. Chandraker, V. K. Patel, and Padmini Ramteke. Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plants Against Pathogens causing Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2009 Mar-Apr; 71(2): 136–139.

25 Jaswanth A, Jagannathan K, Heisonrobert SJ, Loganathan V, Manimaran S, Ruckmani K. Antibacterial activity of root extract of trianthema decandra. Anc Sci Life. 2002 Jan;21(3):158-9.

26 Alam N, Hossain M, Mottalib MA, Sulaiman SA, Gan SH, Khalil MI. Methanolic extracts of Withania somnifera leaves, fruits and roots possess antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012 Oct 7;12(1):175.

27 Anjana Sharma, S. Chandraker, V. K. Patel, and Padmini Ramteke. Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plants Against Pathogens causing Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2009 Mar-Apr; 71(2): 136–139.

28 Hancock V, Dahl M, Klemm P. Probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 outcompetes intestinal pathogens during biofilm formation. J Med Microbiol. 2010 Apr;59(Pt 4):392-9.

29 Tong Y, Jia S, Han B. Chinese Herb-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli. J Altern Complement Med. 2012 Oct 10.

30 Jia W, Whitehead RN, Griffiths L, Dawson C, Waring RH, Ramsden DB, Hunter JO, Cole JA. Is the abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii relevant to Crohn’s disease? FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2010 Sep 1;310(2):138-44.

31 Benus RF, van der Werf TS, Welling GW, Judd PA, Taylor MA, Harmsen HJ, Whelan K. Association between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and dietary fibre in colonic fermentation in healthy human subjects. Br J Nutr. 2010 Sep;104(5):693-700

32 Sokol H, Pigneur B, Watterlot L, Lakhdari O, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Gratadoux JJ, Blugeon S, Bridonneau C, Furet JP, Corthier G, Grangette C, Vasquez N, Pochart P, Trugnan G, Thomas G, Blottière HM, Doré J, Marteau P, Seksik P, Langella P. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2008 Oct 28;105(43):16731-6.

32a Bittner AC, Croffut RM, Stranahan MC, Yokelson TN. Prescript-assist probiotic-prebiotic treatment for irritable bowel syndrome: an open-label, partially controlled, 1-year extension of a previously published controlled clinical trial. Clin Ther. 2007 Jun;29(6):1153-60.

Bittner AC, Croffut RM, Stranahan MC. Prescript-Assist probiotic-prebiotic treatment for irritable bowel syndrome: a methodologically oriented, 2-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study. Clin Ther. 2005 Jun;27(6):755-61.

33 Bruckschen E et al. Chronic Constipation. Comparison of Microbiological and Lactulose Treatment. German MMW 1994, 16: 241-245.

Cukrowska B et al. Specific proliferative and antibody responses of premature infants to intestinal colonization with nonpathogenic probiotic E. colistrain Nissle 1917. Scand J Immunol 2002;55:204-209.

Fric P et al. The effect of non-pathogenic Escherichia coli in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003, 15:313-5.

Goerg KJ et al. Probiotic therapy of pseudomembranous colitis. Combination of intestinal lavage and oral administration of Escherichia coli. German DMW 1998;123:1274-1278.

Henker J et al. Successful treatment of gut-caused halitosis with a suspension of living non-pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria-a case report. Eur J Pediatr 2001;160:592-594.

Kruis W et al. Maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis with the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 is as effective as with standard mesalazine.Gut 2004, 53:1617-1623.

Kruis W et al. Double-blind comparison of an oral Escherichia coli preparation and mesalazine in maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997; 11: 853-858.

Kuzela L et al. Induction and maintenance of remission with nonpathogenic Escherichia coli in patients with pouchitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:3218-3219.

Lodinová-Zádníková R et al. Effect of preventive administration of a nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strain on the colonization of the intestine with microbial pathogens in newborn infants. Biol Neonate 1997; 71: 224 – 232.

Lodinová-Zádníková R et al. Local and serum antibody response in fullterm and premature infants after artificial colonization of the intestine with E. coli strain Nissle 1917 (Mutaflor). Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1992; 3: 43-48.

Malchow HA. Crohn’s Disease and Escherichia coli. J Clin Gastroenterol 1997; 25: 653-658.

Malchow H et al. Colonization of adults by an apathogenic E. coli strain administered after gut decontamination. Gastroenterology 1995; Suppl. 108: 869.

Möllenbrink M et al. Treatment of chronic constipation with physiologic Escherichia coli bacteria. Results of a clinical study of the effectiveness and tolerance of microbiological therapy with the E. coli Nissle 1917 strain (Mutaflor) German Med Klin 1994, 89: 587-93.

Rembacken BJ et al. Non-pathogenic Escherichia coli versus mesalazine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 354:635-639.

Schütz E. The treatment of intestinal diseases with Mutaflor. A multicenter retrospective study. German Fortschr Med 1989; 107: 599-602.

Tromm A et al. The probiotic E. coli strain Nissle 1917 for the treatment of collagenous colitis: First results of an open-labelled trial Z. Gastroenterol,2004, 365-369.

Wurzel RM. Prophylaxis of Polymorphous Light Eruption: Comparative Efficacy of Bacteria, E. coli Strain Nissle 1917, and Nicotinamide/ Folic Acid.German Aktuel. Dermatol. 1999;25:329-33.

34 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutaflor , retrieved 2012-12-31.

35 Cyong J, Matsumoto T, Arakawa K, Kiyohara H, Yamada H, Otsuka Y. Anti-Bacteroides fragilis substance from rhubarb. J Ethnopharmacol. 1987 May;19(3):279-83.

36 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheum_officinale , retrieved 2012-12-31.

37 http://www.minnesotanaturalmedicine.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?StoreID=BC479621C8D24FC180D13EEAADE583AE&DocID=basic-interactions-rhubarb

38 Chervinets VM, Chervinets IuV, Bondarenko VM, Stol’nikova II, Samoukina AM, Mikhailova ES, Albulov AI. Clinical effect of chitosan in bacterial vaginosis therapy. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2011 Sep-Oct;(5):76-9.

39 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitosan#Biomedical_uses

40 http://www.minnesotanaturalmedicine.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?DocID=bottomline-chitosan&storeID=BC479621C8D24FC180D13EEAADE583AE#INTERACTIONS

41 Anjana Sharma, S. Chandraker, V. K. Patel, and Padmini Ramteke. Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plants Against Pathogens causing Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2009 Mar-Apr; 71(2): 136–139.

42 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#Folk_medicine, retrieved 2012-12-31.

43 http://www.minnesotanaturalmedicine.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?DocID=bottomline-ginger&storeID=BC479621C8D24FC180D13EEAADE583AE#INTERACTIONS

44 Anjana Sharma, S. Chandraker, V. K. Patel, and Padmini Ramteke. Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plants Against Pathogens causing Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2009 Mar-Apr; 71(2): 136–139.

45 Duraipandiyan V, Ayyanar M, Ignacimuthu S. Antimicrobial activity of some ethnomedicinal plants used by Paliyar tribe from Tamil Nadu, India. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2006 Oct 17;6:35.

46 Mathabe MC, Nikolova RV, Lall N, Nyazema NZ. Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in Limpopo Province, South Africa. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Apr 21;105(1-2):286-93.

47 Israr F, Hassan F, Naqvi BS, Azhar I, Jabeen S, Hasan SM. Report: Studies on antibacterial activity of some traditional medicinal plants used in folk medicine. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2012 Jul;25(3):669-74.

48 Al-Zoreky NS. Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit peels. Int J Food Microbiol. 2009 Sep 15;134(3):244-8.

49 Duman AD, Ozgen M, Dayisoylu KS, Erbil N, Durgac C. Antimicrobial activity of six pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) varieties and their relation to some of their pomological and phytonutrient characteristics. Molecules. 2009 May 13;14(5):1808-17.

50 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punica_granatum, retrieved 2012-12-31.

51 http://www.minnesotanaturalmedicine.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?DocID=bottomline-pomegranate&storeID=BC479621C8D24FC180D13EEAADE583AE#INTERACTIONS

52 Anjana Sharma, S. Chandraker, V. K. Patel, and Padmini Ramteke. Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plants Against Pathogens causing Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2009 Mar-Apr; 71(2): 136–139.

53 Ghosh A, Das BK, Roy A, Mandal B, Chandra G. Antibacterial activity of some medicinal plant extracts. J Nat Med. 2008 Apr;62(2):259-62. doi: 10.1007/s11418-007-0216-x. Epub 2007 Dec 5.

54 Aqil F, Ahmad I. Antibacterial properties of traditionally used Indian medicinal plants. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Mar;29(2):79-92.

55 Kim HG, Cho JH, Jeong EY, Lim JH, Lee SH, Lee HS. Growth-inhibiting activity of active component isolated from Terminalia chebula fruits against intestinal bacteria. J Food Prot. 2006 Sep;69(9):2205-9.

56 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haritaki#Medicinal_Uses, retrieved 2012-12-31.

57 http://www.minnesotanaturalmedicine.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?DocID=basic-interactions-haritaki&storeID=BC479621C8D24FC180D13EEAADE583AE

58 Alam N, Hossain M, Mottalib MA, Sulaiman SA, Gan SH, Khalil MI. Methanolic extracts of Withania somnifera leaves, fruits and roots possess antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012 Oct 7;12(1):175.

59 Alam N, Hossain M, Mottalib MA, Sulaiman SA, Gan SH, Khalil MI. Methanolic extracts of Withania somnifera leaves, fruits and roots possess antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012 Oct 7;12:175. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-175.

60 Arora S, Dhillon S, Rani G, Nagpal A. The in vitro antibacterial/synergistic activities of Withania somnifera extracts. Fitoterapia. 2004 Jun;75(3-4):385-8.

61 Chaturvedi P, Mishra M, Akhtar N, Gupta P, Mishra P, Tuli R. Sterol glycosyltransferases-identification of members of gene family and their role in stress in Withania somnifera. Mol Biol Rep. 2012 Oct;39(10):9755-64.

62 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haritaki#Medicinal_Uses, retrieved 2012-12-31.

63 http://www.minnesotanaturalmedicine.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?DocID=bottomline-ashwagandha&storeID=BC479621C8D24FC180D13EEAADE583AE#INTERACTIONS

64 Bartfay WJ, Bartfay E, Johnson JG. Gram-negative and gram-positive antibacterial properties of the whole plant extract of willow herb (Epilobium angustifolium). Biol Res Nurs. 2012 Jan;14(1):85-9. doi: 10.1177/1099800410393947.

65 Smirnova G, Samoilova Z, Muzyka N, Oktyabrsky O. Influence of plant polyphenols and medicinal plant extracts on antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli. J Appl Microbiol. 2012 Jul;113(1):192-9.

66 Peng MM, Fang Y, Hu W, Huang Q. The pharmacological activities of Compound Salvia Plebeia Granules on treating urinary tract infection. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 May 4;129(1):59-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.02.029.

67 Watt K, Christofi N, Young R. The detection of antibacterial actions of whole herb tinctures using luminescent Escherichia coli. Phytother Res. 2007 Dec;21(12):1193-9.

68 Santoyo S, Cavero S, Jaime L, Ibañez E, Señoráns FJ, Reglero G. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil obtained via supercritical fluid extraction. J Food Prot. 2005 Apr;68(4):790-5.

69 Hsu WY, Simonne A, Jitareerat P. Fates of seeded Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on selected fresh culinary herbs during refrigerated storage. J Food Prot. 2006 Aug;69(8):1997-2001.

70 Fu Y, Zu Y, Chen L, Shi X, Wang Z, Sun S, Efferth T. Antimicrobial activity of clove and rosemary essential oils alone and in combination. Phytother Res. 2007 Oct;21(10):989-94.

71 Watt K, Christofi N, Young R. The detection of antibacterial actions of whole herb tinctures using luminescent Escherichia coli. Phytother Res. 2007 Dec;21(12):1193-9.

72 Bozin B, Mimica-Dukic N, Samojlik I, Jovin E. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of rosemary and sage (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) essential oils. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Sep 19;55(19):7879-85. Epub 2007 Aug 21.

73 Luqman S, Dwivedi GR, Darokar MP, Kalra A, Khanuja SP. Potential of rosemary oil to be used in drug-resistant infections. Altern Ther Health Med. 2007 Sep-Oct;13(5):54-9.

74 Szabó MA, Varga GZ, Hohmann J, Schelz Z, Szegedi E, Amaral L, Molnár J. Inhibition of quorum-sensing signals by essential oils. Phytother Res. 2010 May;24(5):782-6. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3010.

75 Wanner J, Schmidt E, Bail S, Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Gochev V, Girova T, Atanasova T, Stoyanova A. Chemical composition, olfactory evaluation and antimicrobial activity of selected essential oils and absolutes from Morocco. Nat Prod Commun. 2010 Sep;5(9):1349-54.

76 Weerakkody NS, Caffin N, Lambert LK, Turner MS, Dykes GA. Synergistic antimicrobial activity of galangal (Alpinia galanga), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and lemon iron bark (Eucalyptus staigerana) extracts. J Sci Food Agric. 2011 Feb;91(3):461-8. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.4206. Epub 2010 Oct 28.

77 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemary#Traditional_medicine, retrieved 2012-12-31.

78 http://www.minnesotanaturalmedicine.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?DocID=basic-interactions-burnet&storeID=BC479621C8D24FC180D13EEAADE583AE

79 Kong B, Wang J, Xiong YL. Antimicrobial activity of several herb and spice extracts in culture medium and in vacuum-packaged pork. J Food Prot. 2007 Mar;70(3):641-7.

80 Fu J, Cao H, Wang N, Zheng X, Lu Y, Liu X, Yang D, Li B, Zheng J, Zhou H. An anti-sepsis monomer, 2′,5,6′,7-tetrahydroxyflavanonol (THF), identified from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi neutralizes lipopolysaccharide in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol. 2008 Dec 10;8(12):1652-7. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.07.017. Epub 2008 Aug 26.

81 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scutellaria_baicalensis#Traditional_Chinese_medicine, retrieved 2012-12-31.

82 http://www.minnesotanaturalmedicine.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?DocID=basic-interactions-baikal_skullcap&storeID=BC479621C8D24FC180D13EEAADE583AE

83 Jaswanth A, Jagannathan K, Heisonrobert SJ, Loganathan V, Manimaran S, Ruckmani K. Antibacterial activity of root extract of trianthema decandra. Anc Sci Life. 2002 Jan;21(3):158-9.

84 Voravuthikunchai SP, Limsuwan S. Medicinal plant extracts as anti-Escherichia coli O157:H7 agents and their effects on bacterial cell aggregation. J Food Prot. 2006 Oct;69(10):2336-41.

Unknown's avatar lassesen 12:00 am on April 9, 2014  

Crohn’s Disease: #3 Correcting Overview

In my prior ebook, I focused solely on reducing E.Coli, below is the update on the what should be done – based on the strategy that I described in my prior post.

 

Correcting Gut Bacteria Dysfunction

WARNING: These herbs should NOT be used with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (unless you have Mutaflor!)

The Hit List

The herbs listed below are ones that may be reasonably obtained in a large metropolitan area with both Chinese Medicine and Indian Ayurvedic sources. Alternatively, most of these herbs are available on Amazon.com.

  • Rheum officinale (yào yòng dà huáng) is reported to inhibit bacteroides fragilis, unfortunately it also inhibits bifidobacteria[2010].  This was the only herb of 178 herbs tested that had significant activity. In terms of antibiotics, only metronidazole appears to be effective against most species that are overgrown.
  • Chitosan is reported to inhibit Peptostreptococcus, unfortunately it also inhibits bifidobacteria[2010]. Studies report that this family of bacteria is increasingly resistant to antibiotics with 10-13% of species resistant to preferred antibiotics. The most effective antibiotic appears to be metronidazole, and does not impact bifidobacteria [2013].

There are several herbs reported to inhibit E.Coli according to the National Library of Medicine. These include:

Supplement: Common Name E.Coli(HIGH) Bifido-bacteria(LOW) Pasteurell-acaea(HIGH) Fusobacter-iaceae(HIGH) Neisser-iaceae(HIGH) Coagulation
(HIGH)		 Histamines
(HIGH)		 TNF-Alpha(HIGH)
Epilobium angustifolium: Fireweed Reduces n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Punica granatum: Pomegranate[2012] Reduces Increases
[2009]		 Reduces [2011] n/a Reduces
[2011] [2010](Chromobacterium)		 possible [2010] Reduces [2009] Reduces [2012]
Quercus infectoria: Oak Gall Tree Reduces n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Reduces [2004] n/a
Rosmarinus officinalis: Rosemary Reduces n/a n/a n/a Reduces [2010] Reduces [2005] Reduces
[1991] [2013]		 Reduces [2011]
Salvia Plebeia Reduces n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a .. ..
Scutellaria baicalensis: Chinese/Baikal Skullcap Reduces n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Reduces [2012] [2010] Reduces [2013]
Terminalia chebula: Haritaki Reduces n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Reduces [2001] Reduces [2010]
Trianthema decandra: Gadabani Reduces n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Withania somnifera: Ashwagandha Reduces n/a n/a n/a n/a Reduces [2000] [2000] n/a Reduces [2009]
Zingiber officinale: Ginger Root (Inji root) Reduces
[2009]		 no impact[2009] Reduces [2002] (Haemophilus) n/a n/a antiplatelet (slight reduction)[2010] Reduces
[2007]		 Reduces[2013]

Despite the number of criteria, none of the herbs above effective against E.Coli appear to have any know counter-indicative characteristics. Only 2 have been studied in relationship to IBD (one marked with study under name) with ginger reported as  “the same item that was beneficial for one group of subjects was detrimental to others;” [2010]

A study of Chinese herbal medicines has found that repeated use of the same herbs does result in resistance to the herbs by some E.Coli species. This suggests that the above herbs should be used in combinations of 2-3 herbs with rotation every two weeks to minimize the risk of resistance.

The Prescription Route

I would refer readers to Effects of antibiotics on bacterial species composition and metabolic activities in chemostats containing defined populations of human gut microorganisms. [2013] which is available in full text.

The Immigrants

The beneficial probiotic, E.Coli Nissle 1917 (Mutaflor), out competes many E.Coli species. The suggested approach is to replace the invasive bacteria with Mutaflor as they are killed. Thus a rotation between killing E.Coli and supplementing with Mutaflor.  Yes, it means that you will be killing off some of the Mutaflor — which is why cycling is important.

Bifidobacteria are available in many commercial probiotics. Align, Ultimate Flora RTS – Colon Care Probiotic, RiteAid’s Colon Care, Phillips Colon Care are a few examples.

Faecalibacterium praunsitzii is at present not available except for clinical trials that are ongoing. The importance for the faecalibacterium praunsitzii shift has been questioned in some studies and may be a result of diet changes alone. A study with patients using faecalibacterium praunsitzii reported less severe symptoms.

Another commerical probiotics, Prescript Assist, has had outstanding success in treating Irritable Bowel Syndrome but lacks any reported trials for CD or UC.  It contains several species that are low in Crohn’s Disease.

The Breakup Artists

Lastly, biofilms are produced by E.Coli, so the use of agents to break down biofilms should be considered as part of any treatment plan. Some known biofilm agents are

  • Serrapeptase: anticoagulant,
  • Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) – a histamine reducer,
  • Bishop Weed (Ajwain Seeds) – n/a histamine,
  • Acetylcysteine (NAC) – Warning, a histamine raiser

The above are the players. My friend alternatives between anti-microbials herbs(1-3) and probiotics every 1-2 weeks.

Unknown's avatar lassesen 12:39 am on April 6, 2014  

Microbiome, age-related cognitive loss and dementia

This week I had a one hour interview with a person from the National Psoriasis Organization, they are planning to have the microbiome aspect to psoriasis featured in one of their issues this summer.  During the interview I mentioned that not only was I full recovered from CFS, but actually suspect that my cognitive abilities are better than before the last onset.

We know that moods and other cognitive dimensions can be greatly influence by the microbiome. A few examples:

I know from personal experience that executive function, memory and speed of thought can be greatly influenced by gut bacteria — my own SPECT scan presenting similar to Alzheimer’s disease concurrent with memory issue is a clear demonstration (also see Alzheimer‘s disease and the microbiome. [2013]); and the disappearance of the same with the use of appropriate probiotics. It  raises the issue whether some Alzheimer’s and other dementia diagnosis may be due to microbiome shifts alone. In other words, they may be very treatable.

We also see the microbiome changing “above the age of 55-65 y, populations of bifidobacteria are known to decrease markedly”[2012],  bifidobacteria decline is also seen in CFS.

From this study [2013] we have the top left image showing a major shift of the microbiome with age.

Meta-analyses of studies of the human microbiota

Bottom Line

I believe that the supplementation by various probiotics, especially Bifidobacterium and Prescript-Assist, shifts my gut to a younger profile and thus restore me to better than I was. All speculation, but something to consider.

If you are dealing with someone suffering from mild dementia or cognitive issues, you may wish to see if appropriate probiotic supplementation will help. A good starting point may be to get their microbiome via ubiome.com or AmericanGut.org.

Unknown's avatar lassesen 4:32 am on April 4, 2014  

How to determine if a Herb or Supplement is a good choice?

I tend to be (excessively) systematic and logical in treating CFS. My last post dealt with antibiotics, which I know many people will stop reading on seeing the word antibiotic.  The same logic applies to herbs and supplements. I will look at a set of herbs known as adaptogens. I pick this set because they alter stress and I speculate that the mechanism may be altering of gut bacteria because of recent articles finding that unstressed mice became stressed after a fecal transplant. Whether we find any research to support this speculation is another question.

The items that I am looking at are mentioned in prior posts[emotions, sleep]are:

So how do you determine if it is a good candidate?

Criteria 1: Has it shown to be effective for IBS? Ideal is X% remissions, acceptable is improvement. Antibiotics for IBS have been far better studied than CFS, and with 90% of CFS having IBS, it’s a good proxy.

.. Magnolia Bark   Ashwaganda    Jujube Fruit  Rhodiola rosea
IBS nothing nothing nothing nothing

 

Criteria 2:  Reduces known overgrowth and does not impact undergrowth.

From an early post, we know what to look for. So take theherb name and each of the items below and see what is known on PubMed. Finding nothing will often be the result — especially for less researched herbs and lesser known bacteria.

.. Magnolia Bark   Ashwaganda    Jujube Fruit  Rhodiola rosea
Klebsiella/Enterobacter HIGH nothing nothing nothing nothing
Enterococcus HIGH nothing nothing nothing nothing
Streptococcus HIGH  good activity against [1995]
E.Coli LOW no impact[2007] reduces[2013] nothing low impact[2002]
Bifidobacterium LOW  nothing nothing nothing nothing
Lactobacillus LOW nothing nothing increases [2007] nothing
Rhodospirillales LOW nothing nothing nothing nothing
Actinomycetales LOW nothing nothing nothing nothing
Fusobacteriales LOW nothing nothing nothing nothing
Flavobacteriales LOW nothing nothing nothing nothing

Criteria 3: Does it release histamines (part of the Herx Reaction)?

.. Magnolia Bark   Ashwaganda    Jujube Fruit  Rhodiola rosea
Histamines inhibits [2001] appears to inhibit appears to inhibit inhibits[1997]

This is an interesting “grand slam” – all of them reduces histamine levels.

Criteria 4: Does it promote coagulation or does it thin the blood? In general, you want no impact or thinners or should have heparin available if it thickens.

.. Magnolia Bark   Ashwaganda    Jujube Fruit  Rhodiola rosea
Coagulation no impact [2007] improves[2000] nothing nothing

Bottom Line: Magnolia Bark and Jujube Fruit looks like the best choices given this limited knowledge.